Gyeongbokgung was built in 1395 when Yi Seong-gye founded the Joseon dynasty, and it served as the primary royal palace — the seat of the state. The name means 'palace greatly blessed by Heaven.' It burned down during the 1592 Japanese invasions, was rebuilt in 1867 by the regent Heungseon Daewongun, and much of it was demolished under Japanese colonial rule — restoration continues to this day.
Past the main gate, Gwanghwamun, a broad courtyard leads to Geunjeongjeon, the throne hall where kings were crowned and state ceremonies held. Two rows of rank stones mark where officials once stood by seniority. Behind it, Gyeonghoeru is a two-story pavilion built over a pond, where royal banquets welcomed foreign envoys — it's the single most photographed spot in the palace.
Twice a day the Royal Guard Changing Ceremony takes place at Gwanghwamun, re-enacting the changing of palace sentries with colorful period costumes and drums. Times shift slightly by season, so check before you go.
The best money-saving tip: wear Hanbok. Traditional dress gets you in free. The palace connects directly to Exit 5 of Gyeongbokgung Station (Line 3), and the National Palace Museum and National Folk Museum sit right beside it for an easy combined visit.